In an ideal world, everyone would have access to affordable, transparent, and fair financial services. However, traditional banking services may be out of reach for many individuals, particularly those who are unbanked or underbanked. As a result, some people turn to alternative financial services, such as payday loans, car title loans, or rent-to-own agreements, to meet their financial needs. While these services may provide quick access to cash or goods, they often come with high interest rates and fees that can quickly lead to a debt trap.
Businesses offering these alternate financial services claim they're serving markets that would otherwise be ignored, providing financial services to people outside the traditional financial system. Many observers, however, feel these services are often predatory, trapping consumers in debt cycles that are often deeply difficult to escape.
Examples of alternate financial services include:
- Payday Loans – These loans are short-term, high-interest loans typically due on the borrower's next payday. They often have annual percentage rates (APRs) of 400% or more, making them one of the most expensive forms of credit available.
- Car Title Loans – These loans are secured loans that use the borrower's vehicle as collateral. They often have high interest rates and short repayment terms, putting borrowers at risk of losing their vehicle if they cannot repay the loan.
- Rent-to-Own Stores – Rent-to-own stores allow individuals to rent items, such as furniture or appliances, with the option to purchase them over time. While these agreements may seem like an affordable way to acquire goods, they often result in the borrower paying several times the item's original cost due to high interest rates and fees.
Eighteen states outright ban payday lending, and nearly half of states ban auto title loans, but there are few limitations on the rent-to-own industry.
Who Uses These Services?
Users of alternate financial services often share common characteristics. According to the FDIC, approximately 5.4% of U.S. households (7.1 million) are unbanked, meaning they lack a checking or savings account. An additional 17.9% of households (24.2 million) are underbanked, meaning they have a bank account but still use alternative financial services. This group typically includes those living paycheck to paycheck, who face financial emergencies without an emergency fund, or those without access to conventional credit sources.
For these individuals, alternative financial services may be the only accessible option for managing their finances. However, the high costs and potential risks associated with these services can perpetuate a cycle of financial instability.
Others may choose to use alternative financial services for their convenience, minimal credit check requirements, and quick and easy access to cash – without understanding how the cost of such high-interest and fee-laden services compares with traditional bank or credit union services.
Balancing Access and Protection
While it is essential to acknowledge the complex realities that drive some individuals to use alternative financial services, it's also important to recognize these products' potential risks and drawbacks. First, the high interest rates and short repayment terms associated with these services can make it difficult for borrowers to pay off the debt, leading to a cycle of re-borrowing and increasing debt. Late payments or defaults on high-interest loans can severely damage borrowers' credit scores, limiting their access to traditional credit products. And, for auto title loans, not paying the loan could cost someone their car – potentially making it difficult even to earn a living.
So, the risks are real.
If you or someone you know uses alternate financial services and wants to explore less expensive options, here are a few ways to start making the shift:
- Explore Banking Options – Research banks and credit unions in your area or online that offer low-cost, no-minimum-balance accounts. Look for institutions with a reputation for working with underserved communities and those with limited credit histories.
- Start with a Basic Checking or Savings Account – Open a basic checking or savings account to establish a relationship with a traditional financial institution. This step provides a foundation for accessing additional financial services in the future.
- Consider Second Chance Banking Programs – If you have a history of banking challenges, such as overdrafts or unpaid fees, look for institutions that offer second-chance banking programs. These programs are designed to help individuals rebuild their banking relationships and often feature more flexible terms and education resources.
- Develop a Budget – Create a budget to track your income and expenses, and look for opportunities to reduce spending and increase savings. Regular saving, even in small amounts, can help you build a financial cushion and avoid the need for high-cost alternative financial services.
- Explore Secured Credit Options – If you want to build or improve your credit, consider applying for a secured credit card or a credit-builder loan. These products are designed for individuals with limited or challenged credit histories and can help to establish a positive credit record over time.
If you encounter challenges or have questions along the way, don't hesitate to seek assistance from a local bank, credit union, financial coach, or community organization that provides financial guidance.
The Takeaway
Shifting from alternative financial services to traditional banking is a significant step towards greater financial security and opportunity. By taking advantage of available resources, developing strong financial habits, and staying committed to their goals, those relying on alternate financial services can successfully transition to a more stable future.
